List of Olympic medalists in bobsleigh

Bobsleigh is an Olympic sport that is contested at the Winter Olympic Games. The sport was included in the first Winter Olympics in 1924 and has been held at every Olympics since, except 1960. The four-man event, which was first held in 1924, was switched to a five-man event in 1928. The two-man event was added to the programme in 1932.[1]

Table of contents
Men Four man Two man
Women Two woman

Medal leaders   See also   References

Four man

Games Gold Silver Bronze
1924 Chamonix
details
 Switzerland (SUI)[2]
Eduard Scherrer
Alfred Neveu
Alfred Schläppi
Heinrich Schläppi
 Great Britain (GBR)[3]
Ralph Broome
Thomas Arnold
Alexander Richardson
Rodney Soher
 Belgium (BEL)[4]
Charles Mulder
René Mortiaux
Paul Van den Broeck
Victor Verschueren
Henri Willems
1928 St. Moritz
details
 United States (USA)[5]
William Fiske
Nion Tocker
Geoffrey Mason
Clifford Grey
Richard Parke
 United States (USA)[5]
Jennison Heaton
David Granger
Lyman Hine
Thomas Doe
Jay O'Brien
 Germany (GER)[6]
Hanns Kilian
Hans Hess
Sebastian Huber
Valentin Krempl
Hanns Nägle
1932 Lake Placid
details
 United States (USA)[7]
William Fiske
Eddie Eagan
Clifford Grey
Jay O'Brien
 United States (USA)[7]
Henry Homburger
Percy Bryant
Francis Stevens
Edmund Horton
 Germany (GER)[8]
Hans Mehlhorn
Max Ludwig
Hanns Kilian
Sebastian Huber
1936 Garmisch-
Partenkirchen

details
 Switzerland (SUI)[9]
Pierre Musy
Arnold Gartmann
Charles Bouvier
Joseph Beerli
 Switzerland (SUI)[9]
Reto Capadrutt
Hans Aichele
Fritz Feierabend
Hans Bütikofer
 Great Britain (GBR)[10]
Frederick McEvoy
James Cardno
Guy Dugdale
Charles Green
1948 St. Moritz
details
 United States (USA)[11]
Francis Tyler
Patrick Martin
Edward Rimkus
William D'Amico
 Belgium (BEL)[12]
Max Houben
Freddy Mansveld
Louis-Georges Niels
Jacques Mouvet
 United States (USA)[11]
James Bickford
Thomas Hicks
Donald Dupree
William Dupree
1952 Oslo
details
 Germany (GER)[13]
Andreas Ostler
Friedrich Kuhn
Lorenz Nieberl
Franz Kemser
 United States (USA)[14]
Stanley Benham
Patrick Martin
Howard Crossett
James Atkinson
 Switzerland (SUI)[15]
Fritz Feierabend
Albert Madörin
André Filippini
Stephan Waser
1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo
details
 Switzerland (SUI)[16]
Franz Kapus
Gottfried Diener
Robert Alt
Heinrich Angst
 Italy (ITA)[17]
Eugenio Monti
Ulrico Girardi
Renzo Alverà
Renato Mocellini
 United States (USA)[18]
Arthur Tyler
William Dodge
Charles Butler
James Lamy
1960 Squaw Valley not competed at these Games
1964 Innsbruck
details
 Canada (CAN)[19]
Vic Emery
Peter Kirby
Douglas Anakin
John Emery
 Austria (AUT)[20]
Erwin Thaler
Adolf Koxeder
Josef Nairz
Reinhold Durnthaler
 Italy (ITA)[21]
Eugenio Monti
Sergio Siorpaes
Benito Rigoni
Gildo Siorpaes
1968 Grenoble
details
 Italy (ITA)[22]
Eugenio Monti
Luciano de Paolis
Roberto Zandonella
Mario Armano
 Austria (AUT)[23]
Erwin Thaler
Reinhold Durnthaler
Herbert Gruber
Josef Eder
 Switzerland (SUI)[24]
Jean Wicki
Hans Candrian
Willi Hofmann
Walter Graf
1972 Sapporo
details
 Switzerland (SUI)[25]
Jean Wicki
Edy Hubacher
Hans Leutenegger
Werner Carmichel
 Italy (ITA)[26]
Nevio de Zordo
Gianni Bonichon
Adriano Frassinelli
Corrado dal Fabbro
 West Germany (FRG)[27]
Wolfgang Zimmerer
Peter Utzschneider
Stefan Gaisreiter
Walter Steinbauer
1976 Innsbruck
details
 East Germany (GDR)[28]
Meinhard Nehmer
Jochen Babock
Bernhard Germeshausen
Bernhard Lehmann
 Switzerland (SUI)[29]
Erich Schärer
Ulrich Bächli
Rudolf Marti
Joseph Benz
 West Germany (FRG)[30]
Wolfgang Zimmerer
Peter Utzschneider
Bodo Bittner
Manfred Schumann
1980 Lake Placid
details
 East Germany (GDR)[31]
Meinhard Nehmer
Bogdan Musiol
Bernhard Germeshausen
Hans-Jürgen Gerhardt
 Switzerland (SUI)[32]
Erich Schärer
Ulrich Bächli
Rudolf Marti
Joseph Benz
 East Germany (GDR)[31]
Horst Schönau
Roland Wetzig
Detlef Richter
Andreas Kirchner
1984 Sarajevo
details
 East Germany (GDR)[33]
Wolfgang Hoppe
Roland Wetzig
Dietmar Schauerhammer
Andreas Kirchner
 East Germany (GDR)[33]
Bernhard Lehmann
Bogdan Musiol
Ingo Voge
Eberhard Weise
 Switzerland (SUI)[34]
Silvio Giobellina
Heinz Stettler
Urs Salzmann
Rico Freiermuth
1988 Calgary
details
 Switzerland (SUI)[35]
Ekkehard Fasser
Kurt Meier
Marcel Fässler
Werner Stocker
 East Germany (GDR)[36]
Wolfgang Hoppe
Dietmar Schauerhammer
Bogdan Musiol
Ingo Voge
 Soviet Union (URS)[37]
Jānis Ķipurs
Guntis Osis
Juris Tone
Vladimir Koslov
1992 Albertville
details
 Austria (AUT)[38]
Ingo Appelt
Harald Winkler
Gerhard Haidacher
Thomas Schroll
 Germany (GER)[39]
Wolfgang Hoppe
Bogdan Musiol
Axel Kühn
René Hannemann
 Switzerland (SUI)[40]
Gustav Weder
Donat Acklin
Lorenz Schindelholz
Curdin Morell
1994 Lillehammer
details
 Germany (GER)[41]
Harald Czudaj
Karsten Brannasch
Olaf Hampel
Alexander Szelig
 Switzerland (SUI)[42]
Gustav Weder
Donat Acklin
Kurt Meier
Domenico Semeraro
 Germany (GER)[41]
Wolfgang Hoppe
Ulf Hielscher
René Hannemann
Carsten Embach
1998 Nagano
details
 Germany (GER)[43]
Christoph Langen
Markus Zimmermann
Marco Jakobs
Olaf Hampel
 Switzerland (SUI)[44]
Marcel Rohner
Markus Nüssli
Markus Wasser
Beat Seitz
 France (FRA)[45]
Bruno Mingeon
Emmanuel Hostache
Éric Le Chanony
Max Robert
 Great Britain (GBR)[46]
Sean Olsson
Dean Ward
Courtney Rumbolt
Paul Attwood
2002 Salt Lake City
details
 Germany (GER)[47]
André Lange
Enrico Kühn
Kevin Kuske
Carsten Embach
 United States (USA)[48]
Todd Hays
Randy Jones
Bill Schuffenhauer
Garrett Hines
 United States (USA)[48]
Brian Shimer
Mike Kohn
Doug Sharp
Dan Steele
2006 Turin
details
 Germany (GER)[49]
Kevin Kuske
René Hoppe
Martin Putze
André Lange
 Russia (RUS)[50]
Alexey Voyevoda
Alexei Seliverstov
Filipp Yegorov
Alexandr Zubkov
 Switzerland (SUI)[51]
Martin Annen
Cedric Grand
Thomas Lamparter
Beat Hefti
2010 Vancouver
details
 United States (USA)[52]
Steve Holcomb
Steve Mesler
Curtis Tomasevicz
Justin Olsen
 Germany (GER)[53]
André Lange
Kevin Kuske
Alexander Rödiger
Martin Putze
 Canada (CAN)[54]
Lyndon Rush
David Bissett
Lascelles Brown
Chris le Bihan

Two man

Games Gold Silver Bronze
1932 Lake Placid
details
 United States (USA)[7]
Hubert Stevens
Curtis Stevens
 Switzerland (SUI)[55]
Reto Capadrutt
Oscar Geier
 United States (USA)[7]
John Heaton
Robert Minton
1936 Garmisch-
Partenkirchen

details
 United States (USA)[56]
Ivan Brown
Alan Washbond
 Switzerland (SUI)[9]
Fritz Feierabend
Joseph Beerli
 United States (USA)[56]
Gilbert Colgate
Richard Lawrence
1948 St. Moritz
details
 Switzerland (SUI)[57]
Felix Endrich
Friedrich Waller
 Switzerland (SUI)[57]
Fritz Feierabend
Paul Eberhard
 United States (USA)[11]
Frederick Fortune
Schuyler Carron
1952 Oslo
details
 Germany (GER)[13]
Andreas Ostler
Lorenz Nieberl
 United States (USA)[14]
Stanley Benham
Patrick Martin
 Switzerland (SUI)[15]
Fritz Feierabend
Stephan Waser
1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo
details
 Italy (ITA)[17]
Lamberto Dalla Costa
Giacomo Conti
 Italy (ITA)[17]
Eugenio Monti
Renzo Alverà
 Switzerland (SUI)[16]
Max Angst
Harry Warburton
1960 Squaw Valley not competed at these Games
1964 Innsbruck
details
 Great Britain (GBR)[58]
Anthony Nash
Robin Dixon
 Italy (ITA)[21]
Sergio Zardini
Romano Bonagura
 Italy (ITA)[21]
Eugenio Monti
Sergio Siorpaes
1968 Grenoble
details
 Italy (ITA)[22]
Eugenio Monti
Luciano de Paolis
 West Germany (FRG)[59]
Horst Floth
Pepi Bader
 Romania (ROU)[60]
Ion Panţuru
Nicolae Neagoe
1972 Sapporo
details
 West Germany (FRG)[27]
Wolfgang Zimmerer
Peter Utzschneider
 West Germany (FRG)[27]
Horst Floth
Pepi Bader
 Switzerland (SUI)[25]
Jean Wicki
Edy Hubacher
1976 Innsbruck
details
 East Germany (GDR)[28]
Meinhard Nehmer
Bernhard Germeshausen
 West Germany (FRG)[30]
Wolfgang Zimmerer
Manfred Schumann
 Switzerland (SUI)[29]
Erich Schärer
Joseph Benz
1980 Lake Placid
details
 Switzerland (SUI)[32]
Erich Schärer
Joseph Benz
 East Germany (GDR)[31]
Bernhard Germeshausen
Hans-Jürgen Gerhardt
 East Germany (GDR)[31]
Meinhard Nehmer
Bogdan Musiol
1984 Sarajevo
details
 East Germany (GDR)[33]
Wolfgang Hoppe
Dietmar Schauerhammer
 East Germany (GDR)[33]
Bernhard Lehmann
Bogdan Musiol
 Soviet Union (URS)[61]
Zintis Ekmanis
Vladimir Aleksandrov
1988 Calgary
details
 Soviet Union (URS)[37]
Jānis Ķipurs
Vladimir Koslov
 East Germany (GDR)[36]
Wolfgang Hoppe
Bogdan Musiol
 East Germany (GDR)[36]
Bernhard Lehmann
Mario Hoyer
1992 Albertville
details
 Switzerland (SUI)[40]
Gustav Weder
Donat Acklin
 Germany (GER)[39]
Rudolf Lochner
Markus Zimmermann
 Germany (GER)[39]
Christoph Langen
Günther Eger
1994 Lillehammer
details
 Switzerland (SUI)[42]
Gustav Weder
Donat Acklin
 Switzerland (SUI)[42]
Reto Götschi
Guido Acklin
 Italy (ITA)[62]
Günther Huber
Stefano Ticci
1998 Nagano
details
 Canada (CAN)[63]
Pierre Lueders
David MacEachern
none awarded  Germany (GER)[43]
Christoph Langen
Markus Zimmermann
 Italy (ITA)[64]
Günther Huber
Antonio Tartaglia
2002 Salt Lake City
details
 Germany (GER)[47]
Christoph Langen
Markus Zimmermann
 Switzerland (SUI)[65]
Christian Reich
Steve Anderhub
 Switzerland (SUI)[65]
Martin Annen
Beat Hefti
2006 Turin
details
 Germany (GER)[49]
Kevin Kuske
André Lange
 Canada (CAN)[66]
Pierre Lueders
Lascelles Brown
 Switzerland (SUI)[51]
Martin Annen
Beat Hefti
2010 Vancouver
details
 Germany (GER)[53]
Kevin Kuske
André Lange
 Germany (GER)[53]
Richard Adjei
Thomas Florschütz
 Russia (RUS)[67]
Alexey Voyevoda
Alexandr Zubkov

Two woman

Games Gold Silver Bronze
2002 Salt Lake City
details
 United States (USA)[48]
Jill Bakken
Vonetta Flowers
 Germany (GER)[47]
Sandra Prokoff
Ulrike Holzner
 Germany (GER)[47]
Susi Erdmann
Nicole Herschmann
2006 Turin
details
 Germany (GER)[49]
Sandra Kiriasis
Anja Schneiderheinze
 United States (USA)[68]
Shauna Rohbock
Valerie Fleming
 Italy (ITA)[69]
Gerda Weissensteiner
Jennifer Isacco
2010 Vancouver
details
 Canada (CAN)[54]
Kaillie Humphries
Heather Moyse
 Canada (CAN)[54]
Helen Upperton
Shelley-Ann Brown
 United States (USA)[52]
Erin Pac
Elana Meyers

Medal leaders

Athletes who won at least one gold medal and one bronze medal are listed below.

Men

Athlete NOC Event Olympics Gold Silver Bronze Total
Kuske, KevinKevin Kuske  Germany (GER) 4-man
2-man
2002–2010 4 1 0 5
Lange, AndréAndré Lange  Germany (GER) 4-man
2-man
2002–2010 4 1 0 5
Germeshausen, BernhardBernhard Germeshausen  East Germany (GDR) 4-man
2-man
1976–1980 3 1 0 4
Nehmer, MeinhardMeinhard Nehmer  East Germany (GDR) 4-man
2-man
1976–1980 3 0 1 4
Hoppe, WolfgangWolfgang Hoppe  East Germany (GDR)
 Germany (GER)
4-man
2-man
1984–1994 2 3 1 6
Monti, EugenioEugenio Monti  Italy (ITA) 4-man
2-man
1956–1968 2 2 2 6
Acklin, DonatDonat Acklin  Switzerland (SUI) 4-man
2-man
1992–1994 2 1 1 4
Weder, GustavGustav Weder  Switzerland (SUI) 4-man
2-man
1992–1994 2 1 1 4
Zimmermann, MarkusMarkus Zimmermann  Germany (GER) 4-man
2-man
1992–2002 2 1 1 4
Schauerhammer, DietmarDietmar Schauerhammer  East Germany (GDR) 4-man
2-man
1984–1988 2 1 0 3
Langen, ChristophChristoph Langen  Germany (GER) 4-man
2-man
1992–2002 2 0 2 4
De Paolis, LucianoLuciano De Paolis  Italy (ITA) 4-man
2-man
1968 2 0 0 2
Fiske, BillyBilly Fiske  United States (USA) 4-man
5-man
1928–1932 2 0 0 2
Grey, CliffordClifford Grey  United States (USA) 4-man
5-man
1928–1932 2 0 0 2
Hampel, OlafOlaf Hampel  Germany (GER) 4-man 1994–1998 2 0 0 2
Nieberl, LorenzLorenz Nieberl  West Germany (FRG) 4-man
2-man
1952 2 0 0 2
Ostler, AndreasAndreas Ostler  West Germany (FRG) 4-man
2-man
1952 2 0 0 2
Musiol, BogdanBogdan Musiol  East Germany (GDR)
 Germany (GER)
4-man
2-man
1980–1992 1 5 1 7
Benz, JosephJoseph Benz  Switzerland (SUI) 4-man
2-man
1976–1980 1 2 1 4
Lehmann, BernhardBernhard Lehmann  East Germany (GDR) 4-man
2-man
1976–1988 1 2 1 4
Schärer, ErichErich Schärer  Switzerland (SUI) 4-man
2-man
1976–1980 1 2 1 4
Martin, PatrickPatrick Martin  United States (USA) 4-man
2-man
1948–1952 1 2 0 3
Zimmerer, WolfgangWolfgang Zimmerer  West Germany (FRG) 4-man
2-man
1972–1976 1 1 2 4
Beerli, JosephJoseph Beerli  Switzerland (SUI) 4-man
2-man
1936 1 1 0 2
Gerhardt, Hans-JürgenHans-Jürgen Gerhardt  East Germany (GDR) 4-man
2-man
1980 1 1 0 2
Lueders, PierrePierre Lueders  Canada (CAN) 2-man 1994–2006 1 1 0 2
Meier, KurtKurt Meier  Switzerland (SUI) 4-man 1988–1994 1 1 0 2
O'Brien, JayJay O'Brien  United States (USA) 4-man
5-man
1928–1932 1 1 0 2
Putze, MartinMartin Putze  Germany (GER) 4-man 2006–2010 1 1 0 2
Utzschneider, PeterPeter Utzschneider  West Germany (FRG) 4-man
2-man
1972–1976 1 0 2 3
Wicki, JeanJean Wicki  Switzerland (SUI) 4-man
2-man
1968–1972 1 0 2 3
Embach, CarstenCarsten Embach  Germany (GER) 4-man 1994–2002 1 0 1 2
Hubacher, EdyEdy Hubacher  Switzerland (SUI) 4-man
2-man
1972 1 0 1 2
Huber, GüntherGünther Huber  Italy (ITA) 2-man 1994–1998 1 0 1 2
Ķipurs, JānisJānis Ķipurs  Soviet Union (URS) 4-man
2-man
1988 1 0 1 2
Kirchner, AndreasAndreas Kirchner  East Germany (GDR) 4-man 1980–1984 1 0 1 2
Koslov, VladimirVladimir Koslov  Soviet Union (URS) 4-man
2-man
1988 1 0 1 2
Wetzig, RolandRoland Wetzig  East Germany (GDR) 4-man 1980–1984 1 0 1 2

Women

Athlete NOC Event Olympics Gold Silver Bronze Total
Kiriasis, SandraSandra Kiriasis  Germany (GER) 2-woman 2002–2010 1 1 0 2

See also

References

  1. ^ "Bobsleigh History". CBC Sports. http://www.fieldday.com/cbc/olympics/sports/bobsleigh/history/index.html. Retrieved 2009-09-05. 
  2. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Switzerland Bobsleigh at the 1924 Chamonix Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
  3. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Great Britain Bobsleigh at the 1924 Chamonix Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
  4. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Belgium Bobsleigh at the 1924 Chamonix Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
  5. ^ a b Kubatko, Justin. "United States Bobsleigh at the 1928 Sankt Moritz Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
  6. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Germany Bobsleigh at the 1928 Sankt Moritz Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
  7. ^ a b c d Kubatko, Justin. "United States Bobsleigh at the 1932 Lake Placid Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
  8. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Germany Bobsleigh at the 1932 Lake Placid Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
  9. ^ a b c Kubatko, Justin. "Switzerland Bobsleigh at the 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
  10. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Great Britain Bobsleigh at the 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
  11. ^ a b c Kubatko, Justin. "United States Bobsleigh at the 1948 Sankt Moritz Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
  12. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Belgium Bobsleigh at the 1948 Sankt Moritz Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
  13. ^ a b Kubatko, Justin. "Germany Bobsleigh at the 1952 Oslo Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
  14. ^ a b Kubatko, Justin. "United States Bobsleigh at the 1952 Oslo Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
  15. ^ a b Kubatko, Justin. "Switzerland Bobsleigh at the 1952 Oslo Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
  16. ^ a b Kubatko, Justin. "Switzerland Bobsleigh at the 1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
  17. ^ a b c Kubatko, Justin. "Italy Bobsleigh at the 1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
  18. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "United States Bobsleigh at the 1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
  19. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Canada Bobsleigh at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
  20. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Austria Bobsleigh at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
  21. ^ a b c Kubatko, Justin. "Italy Bobsleigh at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
  22. ^ a b Kubatko, Justin. "Italy Bobsleigh at the 1968 Grenoble Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
  23. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Austria Bobsleigh at the 1968 Grenoble Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
  24. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Switzerland Bobsleigh at the 1968 Grenoble Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
  25. ^ a b Kubatko, Justin. "Switzerland Bobsleigh at the 1972 Sapporo Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
  26. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Italy Bobsleigh at the 1972 Sapporo Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
  27. ^ a b c Kubatko, Justin. "West Germany Bobsleigh at the 1972 Sapporo Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
  28. ^ a b Kubatko, Justin. "East Germany Bobsleigh at the 1976 Innsbruck Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
  29. ^ a b Kubatko, Justin. "Switzerland Bobsleigh at the 1976 Innsbruck Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
  30. ^ a b Kubatko, Justin. "West Germany Bobsleigh at the 1976 Innsbruck Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
  31. ^ a b c d Kubatko, Justin. "East Germany Bobsleigh at the 1980 Lake Placid Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
  32. ^ a b Kubatko, Justin. "Switzerland Bobsleigh at the 1980 Lake Placid Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
  33. ^ a b c d Kubatko, Justin. "East Germany Bobsleigh at the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
  34. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Switzerland Bobsleigh at the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
  35. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Switzerland Bobsleigh at the 1988 Calgary Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
  36. ^ a b c Kubatko, Justin. "East Germany Bobsleigh at the 1988 Calgary Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
  37. ^ a b Kubatko, Justin. "Soviet Union Bobsleigh at the 1988 Calgary Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
  38. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Austria Bobsleigh at the 1992 Albertville Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 10 August 2011.
  39. ^ a b c Kubatko, Justin. "Germany Bobsleigh at the 1992 Albertville Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 10 August 2011.
  40. ^ a b Kubatko, Justin. "Switzerland Bobsleigh at the 1992 Albertville Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 10 August 2011.
  41. ^ a b Kubatko, Justin. "Germany Bobsleigh at the 1994 Lillehammer Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 10 August 2011.
  42. ^ a b c Kubatko, Justin. "Switzerland Bobsleigh at the 1994 Lillehammer Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 10 August 2011.
  43. ^ a b Kubatko, Justin. "Germany Bobsleigh at the 1998 Nagano Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
  44. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Switzerland Bobsleigh at the 1998 Nagano Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
  45. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "France Bobsleigh at the 1998 Nagano Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
  46. ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Great Britain Bobsleigh at the 1998 Nagano Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
  47. ^ a b c d Kubatko, Justin. "Germany Bobsleigh at the 2002 Salt Lake City Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 10 August 2011.
  48. ^ a b c Kubatko, Justin. "United States Bobsleigh at the 2002 Salt Lake City Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 10 August 2011.
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